Lipid Antioxidant, Etoposide, Inhibits Phosphatidylserine Externalization and Macrophage Clearance of Apoptotic Cells by Preventing Phosphatidylserine Oxidation

Appetizing rancidity of apoptotic cells for macrophages: oxidation, externalization, and recognition of phosphatidylserine.

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) functions as a mechanism to eliminate unwanted or irreparably damaged cells ultimately leading to their orderly phagocytosis in the absence of calamitous inflammatory responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that the generation of free radical intermediates and subsequent oxidative stress are implicated as part of the apoptotic execution process. Oxidative s...

Phosphatidylserine receptor is required for clearance of apoptotic cells.

Cells undergoing apoptosis during development are removed by phagocytes, but the underlying mechanisms of this process are not fully understood. Phagocytes lacking the phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) were defective in removing apoptotic cells. Consequently, in PSR-deficient mice, dead cells accumulated in the lung and brain, causing abnormal development and leading to neonatal lethality. A fr...

A receptor for phosphatidylserine- speci®c clearance of apoptotic cells

We thank T. Grammer, M. Dionne, A. Sater, D. Keys, K. Liu and D. Frank for discussions, reading the manuscript, and blind scoring; S. Sokol for the Xdsh and Xdd1 plasmids; and D. Turner for the memEGFP plasmid. This work was supported by the NIH, NIMH and the Beckman Institute. J.B.W. was supported by NIH/NIGMS and ACS postdoctoral fellowships; B.A.R. by a US Department of Defense Breast Cancer...

The expression of CD10 by apoptotic lymphocytes is preceded by a pronounced externalization of phosphatidylserine.

NADPH Oxidase-dependent Oxidation and Externalization of Phosphatidylserine during Apoptosis in Me2SO-differentiated HL-60 Cells

From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Department of Pharmacology, and Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, the Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, the Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia, the Department of Medical Ch...